Hi, good for removing the rocks, but "is the soil still good enough?" is not much help here because I have no idea what the soil is, but I'll take a guess and say it's probably lousy. Ditch the moss. Do not, repeat, do not use any soil from the ground or anywhere else 'natural' (I hope you don't want a long explanation of that right now :-). The absolutely most crucial thing now is to get it into a pot with 1-2 large drain holes that you cover with plastic mesh (like you'd use for needlepoint) inside. The second would be to grab a bag of small sized aquarium gravel (any pet store, cheap) and mix it with some small sized bark from a bag of Orchid mix - the pieces will be mostly too large, but are soft and easy to break or cut up. Make them about 25% of the mix. Don't layer anything (but the mesh) on the bottom or top. Do get rid of all the old soil and cut back any extra long roots (vs the majority). The pot should be wider than deep, but not necessarily a tiny 'bonsai' one because it'll make it longer for things to develop and give you more styling options in future. Can you not get a picture (side on please, not from above) of it with someone's phone? Water til it comes out the holes when you do it, but from the sound of it, it could be a succulent (thickish rubbery leaves?) or Ficus and won't need water very often - it's the frequency that counts, not the amount.
But a picture would really help. Give it as much light as possible for the most amount of hours every day. Don't spray it - waste of time and not effective.

Well, the OP found his/her way here so hopefully they also did some looking for 'Bonsai care', 'kinds of Bonsai' and other things along that line through Google after the post. Sounds like a typical 'Malsai' Ficus, probably a retusa.

With the wealth of information available today it's a shame that some research isn't done before rather than in a total panic after. Oh well...

It can be 'un-watered'. Use a deep dish or a pie tin and make a bed of rags or newspapers on it...gently remove the plant from the pot and place it on them, it's probably pretty root-bound anyway. This will wick the water off.
While it's there do what Larke said and go looking for a decent pot and something to make soil out of.

The plastic mesh is needed to keep the soil in place and not running out the bottom of the pot however, if the plant is being put into a much bigger pot (as suggested, which isn't a bad idea) I would suggest:

Hit a hardware store and get a chunk of 1/8th inch galvanized screen. Cut squares a little bigger than the drain holes and use some wire to secure it through the bottom of the hole(s). If the plant is left in the pot for a few years the roots will grow up to the plastic mesh and cover it, even grow through it, stopping the pot from draining. With the galvanized screen the roots will grow up to it and around it but not into it.

Bob

Hi! Thank you for your help, both of you. I appreciate it so much, and I'm sure the Bonsai does, too.

I think I gave you the impression that the end of leaves were pointed, but they're not, they're round. The leaves are actually kind of oblong. These are the pictures I got of it;

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Here are the links in case those don't work;;

http://i490.photobucket.com/albums/rr270/DrTickTock/bonsai1.jpg

http://i490.photobucket.com/albums/rr270/DrTickTock/bonsai2.jpg

http://i490.photobucket.com/albums/rr270/DrTickTock/bonsai3.jpg

I still am not sure, but I think it might be a Jade? In which case now I am truly worried that I over-watered it, as almost every site cautions against that.

I'll get a new pot, soil, etc, as soon as I can, but I can't drive yet and my mother works until late, and usually is too tired or grumpy to go any where. Do you think it could survive for another week? At least until this weekend, maybe.