There is an Aroid forum here that might be of interest to you.
to answer your question, yes you can. They will be an annual in your state so this fall you will need to store either the plant in the pot or dig up and store the bulbs.

I have grown them for years and they seem to do just fine for me in full sun but I think they do prefer part sun. Also in the heat of the summer they will take all the water you can give them.

Mike

There are several different plants called elephant ears. They are mostly colocasias, and probably the most common is Colocasia esculenta. I've grown that one in a 15 gallon pot in shade where it only gets a little dappled sun. Starting with a bulb or corm about the size of a pineapple, mine produced a plant six feet tall with leaves that were up to 3 feet long on four foot stalks. The roots filled the container and crawled out the drainage holes. Very cool.

I think they can handle full sun, but prefer some shade. They need a lot of water and fertilizer. The plant wilts dramatically when it's thirsty. I had to water every other day when temperatures were high. Your pot would be a good home for them if it has good drainage. I've seen them outside public buildings in containers like yours and they look quite dramatic.

You do have to remove them from the soil when temperatures stay below 45 for extended periods. They are definitely tropical plants that will go dormant and lose their leaves in the fall.