There are some summer apples that you could expect to be ripe or nearly ripe at the end of July, but most of the high-quality table apple varieties would ripen in late September or even into October in your climate zone.

In other words, you appear to have a completely normal situation there, with apples a little more than half grown.

It would be nice to have an overall look at the tree, but from the closeup you provide, it appears someone took the trouble to thin that apple cluster to one fruit. Whoever did that, good move. I hope they did it to the others too.

The shape of your apple says Golden Delicious, Criterion, or something like that, but could also be a Japanese apple variety called Mutsu (aka Crispin) that is a cross of Golden Delicious and the Japanese Indo variety. I have a Mutsu tree in my orchard, and the apples look approximately like yours. They are also at about the same stage of development.

The particular apple in your photograph has been visited by the codling moth (right side), which means that when it is finally ripe it will be wormy around the core. There are also touches of cedar apple rust on the leaf just above it. The CAR does not appear to be a serious case, since it has not affected the fruit, but if the other apples also show codling moth damage you may want to look into bagging the apples in ziplock sandwich bags to keep them at bay. You can find extensive discussions of bagging apples by using keywords like "bagging apples", both on this forum and with a Google search. But that would be for next season, since apples should be bagged soon after they are thinned, which would be about the end of May where you live.

Don Yellman, Great Falls, VA