Where do you live?
What kind of grass do you have?
What kind of mower do you have?
How high/low is the mower set?
Have you done any maintenance on the mower recently?
When were the last two times you fertilized and what did you use?
Have you applied any herbicide, fungicide, or insecticide in the past 3 months? If so, what?
What is your watering regimen? (frequency and duration)

My guess is, it isn't burned. There isn't any reason a mower could burn a lawn, especially in that kind of pattern. You just took off the tops of the grass and what you're seeing is the paler color od the lower parts of the blades, and the reason you're only seeing it in one direction is that the mower brings up the "nap" of the lawn in a different direction. Like sports fields. Does that make sense?

Back when I had a mower with independently adjustable wheels, I had a case where the left side wheels were both set higher than the right. This caused the right side to scalp. It was weird looking. I figured it out, but not until I had finished mowing.