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althea_gw

Organic Farming Pioneer Obit

althea_gw
18 years ago

Theses days organic farmers/gardeners have it easy compared to the times when detractors from organic methods thought dynamite was the best way to put an end to organic practices.

R.I.P. Paul Keene.

Paul K. Keene, 94, Organic Farming Pioneer, Dies By MARGALIT FOX Published: May 18, 2005 Paul K. Keene, a pioneer of organic farming in the United States whose products were among the first commercially available organic foods in the country, died on April 23 at a nursing home in Mechanicsburg, Pa. He was 94. Mr. Keene's family announced the death. For more than half a century, Mr. Keene ran Walnut Acres Farm, near Penns Creek in central Pennsylvania, which produced and packaged an array of foods including peanut butter, granola and free\-range chicken. Walnut Acres products were grown without pesticides or chemical fertilizers and were stocked by health food stores around the country and sold worldwide through the company's mail\-order catalog. Mr. Keene's company was sold in 2000 and is no longer in business. A line of foods bearing the Walnut Acres Organic label is now manufactured by the Hain Celestial Group, a natural\-foods conglomerate. When Mr. Keene started Walnut Acres in the mid\-1940's, the agricultural gospel called for using chemical fertilizers and insecticides, with their promise of cheaper, more efficient farming. Natural farming was viewed as eccentric, if not downright un\-American. "It doesn't seem that long ago that everyone thought we were kooks or Commies," Mr. Keene told U.S. News & World Report in 1995. "Someone once tossed dynamite on the property. Another burned crosses." A former mathematics professor and avowed pacifist, Mr. Keene never set out to be a commercial farmer. He simply wanted to go back to the land. Paul Kershner Keene was born in Lititz, Pa., on Oct. 12, 1910. After earning an undergraduate degree from Lebanon Valley College in Annville, Pa., and a master's in mathematics from Yale, he taught math at Drew University in Madison, N.J. In the late 1930's, Mr. Keene took a teaching job in northern India. There, he became involved in the Indian independence movement and met Mohandas K. Gandhi, whose belief in simple living greatly influenced him. He also discovered the work of Sir Albert Howard, the founder of the organic farming movement, who worked in India for many years. In India, Mr. Keene met Enid Betty Morgan, the daughter of missionaries. They were married in 1940. Returning to the United States shortly afterward, the couple studied organic farming at the School of Living in Suffern, N.Y., and later at Kimberton Farm School in Pennsylvania. Just after World War II, the Keenes borrowed $5,000 and bought Walnut Acres, determined to live as self\-sufficient organic farmers. There was no telephone, plumbing or furnace on the farm. The buildings were falling to pieces. The couple owned a plow, a harrow, a team of horses and little else. "Oh, the wonder of it all," Mr. Keene wrote afterward. "We had a house and barn and outbuildings and a hundred acres. Did you hear? One hundred acres!" Their first product was Apple Essence, an apple butter cooked in an iron kettle over an open fire. They made 100 quarts, selling them for a dollar each. One found its way to Clementine Paddleford, the influential food editor of The New York Herald\-Tribune, who was known for waxing rhapsodic over regional foods that took her fancy. Miss Paddleford rhapsodized, and Walnut Acres was inundated with letters and visits from eager customers. The Keenes used manure for fertilizer and botanical pest controls like ladybugs. They gradually built the farm into a 500\-acre spread, with its own bakery, cannery, flour mill and retail store. By 1994, the company was making 350 products, with annual sales of nearly $8 million, U.S. News reported.

Here is a link that might be useful: nytimes

Comments (4)

  • althea_gw
    Original Author
    18 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    This quote is from The New Farm obit:

    "A surprised observer, I have been swept along by life as in a miraculous stream," Paul wrote in summing up his life. "I have found that answers do not come by concentrating on one's own desires or fancied wants or needs. Somehow, by seeking out the larger framework, as Gandhi did, one rises here and there above the choking limits of self into a freer, fresher atmosphere, to where one simply sees farther, through an expanded, more beautiful landscape."

    Here is a link that might be useful: The New Farm

  • marshallz10
    18 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Thanks for posting these about old Paul. He was an inspiration to me when I first got into organic farming and gardening.

    Marc Lappe also died recently; see this good obit by his son:

    Dr. Marc Lappe, 1943-2005
    A man of deep integrity
    By Anthony Lappe
    Guerilla Network News, 17 May 2005

    GNN's editor remembers his father - a scientist who stood up for the planet's most vulnerable

    "Three interrelated issues mark our times: We have altered the planet with our chemicals; we are transforming agriculture with bioengineering; and we are contemplating the recreation of humankind through genetic technologies. All three compel us to reexamine how we use scientific knowledge: will our new technologies be greeted with 'hurrahs' or a whisper of despair from the species that we have decimated, crops that are gene-contaminated and people who, though yet to be created, may yet curse us for our technological prowess?" - Marc Lappe

    My father, Dr. Marc Lappe, an author, educator and prominent toxicologist and medical ethicist, died Saturday. He was 62. Marc was a lifelong teacher, known for instilling in his students a love of learning and an appreciation for ethics. Everyone who met him was struck by his warm spirit, unforgettable stories, and limitless generosity.

    Marc was a leading figure in the movement to integrate ethics and public policy, especially as it related to toxics and genetics. He authored or edited fourteen books, many of which predicted public health and environmental problems long before their appearance. Germs That Won't Die (Anchor/Doubleday, 1982) warned of public health threat of antibiotic resistance. Against the Grain (Common Courage, 1998) accurately predicted that many claims by manufacturers of genetically modified foods would prove false. He held a PhD in experimental pathology from the University of Pennsylvania and was a frequent source for the news media, appearing on 60 Minutes, The Today Show, and Dateline NBC. He was a key expert witness in numerous high-profile lawsuits, including Anderson et al v. W. R. Grace & Co., popularized in the best-selling book and Hollywood film A Civil Action. Between 1984 and 1998, he worked extensively as a consultant on the high stakes litigation that had erupted over silicone-gel breast implants. Most recently, he was the director of the Gualala, California-based non-profit Center for Ethics and Toxics (CETOS), a national leader in environmental public policy, which works directly with California municipalities with concerns about contaminants in their water supplies.
    [[[snip]]]

    Here is a link that might be useful: Marc Lappe, RIP

  • Bruce_in_ct
    18 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    It's sad to see both go.

    But my inner cynic wonders how anyone of our era could possibly be a pioneer of organic farming. Our ancestors did the same for a few thousand years. Mr. Keene was a pioneer of marketing organic food. Still a great thing to be.

  • althea_gw
    Original Author
    18 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Thanks for posting the Lappe link. What a truly remarkable person, in every way.

    Bruce, it is my understanding that Sir Albert Howard, under the tutelage of native Indian farmers, turned ancestoral knowledge of organic methods into a science. Keene continued the pioneering work of Howard through practical application of the priciples or organic farming.

    It is quite a feat for anyone to successfully market organic products during the eras when *new & improved* processed, packaged convenience foods were being manufactured and promoted.