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Small scale organic home farm

Posted by TOTEMs CT (My Page) on
Tue, Jan 8, 13 at 8:31

I have been gardening for a few years. I live on 2 acres where I have 3 main garden plots and 6 raised beds. I am trying to use every inch of my land to grow my own food and sell the surplus.

The last real remaining space has pretty poor drainage because it borders wetlands, but have great open southern exposure.

I am thinking of doing raised beds with fur wood as I have done with my other 6 raised beds. I make them out of 2x12s with 4x4 untreated post in each corner. I typically do them 10 feet by 4 feet. They can get to be a bit expensive especially with the 4x4 post in between.

This is the style: http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to-build-a-raised-planter-bed?sourcel ink=verticalrecommendation

I want to put them in a area where I would make 9 more.

I am curious if I should make just a long running bed instead of 9 smaller ones. I am not sure which will hold up better.

Also are 2 x 12s the best material. They are large, thick, and heavy.


Follow-Up Postings:

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RE: Small scale organic home farm

I should just say some times constructing raised beds may take some material and time to construct.

This post was edited by TheMasterGardener1 on Wed, Jan 9, 13 at 1:06


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RE: Small scale organic home farm

  • Posted by RpR_ 3-4 (My Page) on
    Tue, Jan 8, 13 at 13:57

If it is sloped, make it x inches high at the low end and use only three sides with the open end meeting the soil at what ever point gives you best drainage.

One large bed is better as you will have only three sides to maintain or build.

IF you have a large lumberyard around you, use rough cut lumber.
Exotic if they can get it. It will cost more but its weather resistant propeties will pay off in the long run.

A decade or so ago, I bought an eight quarter by by sixteen by twelve foot Honduran Mahogany (Luan) board for a project and it was far, far cheaper than finished lumber.

Three, to six, of those, or any weather resistant lumber should be all you would need for a long time.
As it is rough cut you can get sizes you cannot in finished lumber.

A third option where the base wood is even cheaper is to buy an actual log and have a local sawmill cut it to side size you need.

As I said, IN THE LONG RUN, this is far, far cheaper.

This post was edited by RpR_ on Tue, Jan 8, 13 at 16:32


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RE: Small scale organic home farm

I agree, firstly, that enclosing beds in wood is not necessary.

Fir is imported from the PNW, if you do use wood I would second the suggestion to look for a local sawmill and see what cheap native woods are available. In CT you may well find hemlock, which has pretty good rot-resistance. White oak will last a good while also. Avoid pine and spruce.


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I have many raised beds and none are enclosed. I make mine wider than 3 or 4 feet. For large gardens, I can;t imagine doing it otherwise. Of course I have amended and have very friable soil.


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Thanks for the suggestions.

So to clarify, I have a full-time job and this is side income for me. I am actually a chef and growing items that are premium that I can purchase and sell to other restaurant friends. So having something that may not make the utmost $$$ sense, but saves a bit of time is worth it.

Also, like I said, this is bordering some wetlands. Even last year when we have almost 2 months with no rain I was shocked that the the ground was wet when I stepped on it with bare feet. There is no standing water, but when you step it is wet (I have grass plated over it). When heavy rain comes I can not mow it.

SO for me this was not farmable land that I am trying to make work.

If someone can convince me that adding additional soil to raised the level and normal tilling is the way to go, I am all for that... But I am not sold. So I thought of 9 raised beds to start and fill in the area and try to produce food in a piece of my lawn.


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I don't think anyone is against the concept of raised beds in a watery environment, its the use of timber.

I have a similar situation where the water comes in from irrigation up the hill from other farms. I just heap the soil up in long mounds, maybe 3 feet wide on the top, 18 inches high, and put down woven polypropylene weed barrier between the mounds to keep my shoes from getting muddy.

You get good drainage and aeration, the roots head down and get their own moisture from the wet below.


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RE: Small scale organic home farm

  • Posted by RpR_ 3-4 (My Page) on
    Tue, Jan 8, 13 at 20:24

For sake of cost and maintenance you should go with one large one and turn it into a simple large raised garden.

If it is that wet you will need boards four inches deep at minimum or you will be replacing them very often.

I have seen four byes, of non-water resistant lumber, rot in a matter of two years.


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so general idea is to till up the wet soil and build it up as is, no wood raised beds?


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  • Posted by glib 5.5 (My Page) on
    Tue, Jan 8, 13 at 21:51

I had a garden over a wet spot for many years, and raised beds on top of such a spot will really limit the watering needs of your garden, which is great. But do not use wood, that rots. Use cinder blocks for the sides, and if it is this wet, you should really raise your beds. They will last forever. Ideally, they will not be full of dirt, so you can easily mulch by pouring wood chips or other mulch into the bed, and rake flat.

There are options. Home Depot has the regular cinder blocks, 8X8X16. You can plant one garlic, or one onion, in the holes. If you want narrower blocks, Lowe has them 8X4X16. You want to bury them at least two inches, and they will stop most grasses from coming into the bed. If you have long term plans, you could even build them two blocks high, as one of our illustrious members Jon does (he actually has them waist high, he has posted pics dozens of times). That helps in two ways, it is easier on your back, and you can leave more room for mulch.

I do not like sideless beds because a lot of stuff spills over the edge. Mulch, but also clods when you have to dig.


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Depending on where you live, Craigslist is an awesome place to snag cheap-to-free cinder blocks. Just a fyi.


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itxtNodeId="580" itxtHarvested="0">I have used raised rows which is a form of raised beds without building anything. I have used both methods. In the shade I planted planted in the raised rows because sun did not dry the area up fast so I did not want rain to be collected as much. In full sun I had great results with planting in rows an inch bellow ground level to allow easy watering. In the case of wet soil I would say raised rows would work great.

This post was edited by TheMasterGardener1 on Wed, Jan 9, 13 at 1:00


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I think you should check out permaculture and hugels! They are mounds that are about 3-4 feet above the ground. I think that would be perfect for you!


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Thanks for the great advice! I like the part about the hugel as well.

So based off this forum, I will not build the wood raised beds. I will do mounded raised beds (maybe hugel if I have time...).

So there is snow on the ground. But come March or so. What is the best way to kill the grass to start working the soil?

I have access to a fair amount of compost from my local transfer station (mostly leaf though).

Should I:

A. Kill the grass with black plastic and just wait?
B. Newspaper down and top with compost?
C. Other???


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RE: Small scale organic home farm

  • Posted by RpR_ 3-4 (My Page) on
    Thu, Jan 10, 13 at 1:18

How much of a raise are you going to make.
Is there a slope?

If it is as wet as you say you are going to have to raise it a goodly amount or all you are going to have is mud.


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You may want to look for, and read, Elliot Colemans' "New Organic Gardener" and maybe M. G. Kains, "Five Acres and Independance".


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If it is THAT WET ... raised beds are the logical way to go, because you will find it very difficult to till a swamp.

Make the bed as wide as you can work by hand (5 feet is about as wide as you can work from both sides) and as long as possible so you don't waste land in paths. Start small, with a bed as long as you can find compost and organic material for at one end of the area and keep extending the length every year.

Instead of using wood, use concrete blocks or salvaged rocks to build up the sides.


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If you can make the beds wide enough, you do not waste a lot of space with paths. To do this will require a lot of dirt and amendments. You can get a bit from the paths. I make my beds from 7 to 17 feet wide and you don't have so much edges. I don't quite understand the fear of walking some on the beds. Anyway, to each his own.


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If you make a hugel all you have to do is till the ground anytime.


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Totems ... do the layers of newspapers and compost method.


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Thanks for all the advice!

So we had a 4 day warm spell here. I was able to start working a grass-less patch that I had made some time ago. I made deep trenches between 4 foot wide rows that are mounded about 18 inches.

So the drainage part looks good. Actually in the path ways under the thin layer of soil left is rock hard clay with chunks of small rocks.

I just had some tree work done and have loads of wood chips. Does anyone recommend filling the walkways with woodchips?

My reasoning is this will keep weeds down and also reinforce the 18 inch raised beds.


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dbl post

This post was edited by TOTEMs on Fri, Jan 18, 13 at 5:59


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RE: Small scale organic home farm

Woodchips will be great for filling in the pathways. Eventually these woodchips will be part of your raised beds once you see how the system works best, esp. with clay soils.
John Jeavons wrote a book about double digging clay and using woodchips in the raised beds and I've been using that system as a template for a lot of years now.


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Will the woodchips hurt drainage?


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Woodchips in the pathways will allow water to puddle under the woodchip rather than supersoak your plots. Just be sure you have enough of them. :)


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Maybe hugels would work out well for you? My new neighbor (who knows nothing about gardening) had one last year and her stuff did very well. We have one ready to plant up. You wouldn't need any wood to do that.


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Anyone else have a pro/con for woodchips in the walkways?

Will the weed suppression and support for the beads work better than leaving it as is and letting the water drain?


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  • Posted by feijoas Temperate New Zealan (My Page) on
    Thu, Jan 24, 13 at 4:16

I highly recommend chips on paths.
Wet or dry conditions, I find them awesome!


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RE: Small scale organic home farm

  • Posted by glib 5.5 (My Page) on
    Fri, Jan 25, 13 at 20:46

I don't like wood chips in paths, but only because I saw what happens after, say, 4 years. In the beginning they suppress weeds. Later the soil in the path becomes very good, and weeds grow much better than in soil that has not been amended. I think that chips belong in the beds. Gravel, ideally, with weed block under it, should be in the paths. I have done reasonably well with old carpet too.


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What is nice about woodchips breaking down in the pathways and all the annual beds are not 'set in stone' as it were; you'll find its an excellent time to move your bed, centering it over the woodchips and putting down new woodchips in the new paths.
I move beds from side to side all the time that way, using a Mantis type tiller. Much easier than shovel or rake.


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As far as the Hugel goes just put down layers of cardboard,old carpet etc. No need to till.


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A hugel is much more than that. It is a mound with tree branches on the bottom, with manure, leaves and kitchen scraps mixed together. I wouldn't use carpet in an organic garden. We use dried grass clipping for weed suppression in our gardens and it works very well. It can be tilled in and not cause a problem.


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Perhaps this Growing a Greener World episode will answer some questions.

Here is a link that might be useful: Growing a Greener World 222


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I like the one episode of Growing a Greener world called "Just because it's organic". It gives a good rational view on how over rated organic can be. A good book to read is "The truth about organic foods."


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Follow up:

So I did 4 foot wide raised beds with no lumber. I am putting woodchips in the walkways. It looks great!

Question:

On the right side it is a dense wet soil (keep in mind it is march and the snow just melted) with clay mixed in. It is a very dark and looks to be rich soil though.

What plants do best in this heavy and dense soil?


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few if any food crops will tolerate constant waterlog. However, if it a place that will drain at least some by late spring but stays moist all summer that can be quite good. If it has full sun corn can do good in heavy moist ground.


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Potatoes do not like clay, nor do strawberries or onions, but since they are raised beds they should be light and airy enough that almost anything should do quite well.
I'm not very tall so my beds about 42" at the widest points, but it sounds like you're off to a good start. Enjoy. :)


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Thanks. I am sure the area will dry out a fair amount vs where it is now. Snow just melted and lots of areas are wet. I just feel that heaviness of the soil.


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