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henry_kuska

autonomous biological control" of coffee rust.

henry_kuska
10 years ago

Nature is a complex equilibrium. This is an example of what can happen when one attempts to modify this equilibrium.

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"Coffee rust is a fungus, but spraying fungicides to kill it may inadvertently destroy natural fungal enemies of coffee rust that help to keep it in check.

And the ongoing abandonment of traditional shade-growing techniques, in which coffee is grown beneath a canopy of trees, likely reduces the diversity and abundance of beneficial insects and opens the plantations to winds that help disperse coffee rust spores, according to U-M ecologist John Vandermeer and his co-authors, Ivette Perfecto and Doug Jackson.

"Small, seemingly trivial changes in environmental conditions can generate dramatic shifts in the underlying dynamics of the disease," the researchers wrote. "The techniques of so-called modernization (e.g., cutting shade, applying fungicides) may gradually eliminate what has been effectively autonomous biological control" of coffee rust.

"A movement back toward more shaded systems, with minimal application of agrochemicals, might be an appropriate recommendation for coffee farmers in the region.""

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-01/uom-uen012214.php

Here is a link that might be useful: link for above

Comments (4)

  • digdirt2
    10 years ago

    Gee, how many of us live in Latin America? How many of us grow coffee? Uhhhh none.

    At least this one is apparently a public document rather than copyrighted material with no attached citation.

    Got to love their disclaimer though - EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert!

    What is the value of quoting a source that won't even accept responsibility for the accuracy of their info?

    Dave

  • henry_kuska
    Original Author
    10 years ago

    The following was stated: " At least this one is apparently a public document rather than copyrighted material with no attached citation."

    H.Kuska comment. I feel that my providing a link to copyrighted material satisfies the copypright rules. See below.

    "Since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any Wikipedia article which cites its sources will link to copyrighted material. It is not necessary to obtain the permission of a copyright holder before linking to copyrighted material, just as an author of a book does not need permission to cite someone else's work in their bibliography. Likewise, Wikipedia is not restricted to linking only to CC-BY-SA or open-source content."

    Here is a link that might be useful: link for above

  • digdirt2
    10 years ago

    But you aren't linking to Wiki so what Wiki has to say about it is irrelevant. Wiki doesn't determine the application of copyright laws except for their domain - the owner of the copyright does. Wiki is public domain and has a totally different set of rules. GW is private. Read the Garden Web copyright rules posted in the forum Terms of Service (linked at the bottom of every page) that you agreed to abide by when you joined.

    TERMS OF SERVICE FOR GARDENWEB NETWORK See Item 7.

    You only have the right to post a link to copyrighted material. You do not have the right to copy and paste the content without permission of the owner of the copyright and even then only with proper citation.

    Dave

    .

  • henry_kuska
    Original Author
    10 years ago

    Dave thank you for the clarifying response. Your statement: "You only have the right to post a link to copyrighted material. You do not have the right to copy and paste the content without permission of the owner of the copyright and even then only with proper citation." does not take into consideration the "Fair Use" provision of the U.S. copyright Law.
    I looked at Item 7. I assume that you are referring to the following: "If you are not the creator of such content, you also warrant that the holder of any Rights, including moral rights in such content, has completely and effectively waived all such rights and validly and irrevocably granted to you the right to grant the license stated above."

    The person with a copyright cannot restrict the "Fair Use" provision of the U.S. Copyright Law. If you look at Item 10 which refers to the U.S. government web site if there is a dispute ( "If you believe in good faith that a notice of copyright infringement has been wrongly filed against you, the DMCA permits you to send iVillage a counter-notice. Notices and counter-notices must meet the then-current statutory requirements imposed by the DMCA; see http://www.loc.gov/copyright for details.") From the FAQ of the Copyright Document:

    "How much of someone else's work can I use without getting permission?
    Under the fair use doctrine of the U.S. copyright statute, it is permissible to use limited portions of a work including quotes, for purposes such as commentary, criticism, news reporting, and scholarly reports. There are no legal rules permitting the use of a specific number of words, a certain number of musical notes, or percentage of a work. Whether a particular use qualifies as fair use depends on all the circumstances. See FL 102, Fair Use, and Circular 21, Reproductions of Copyrighted Works by Educators and Librarians."

    http://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/

    http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html

    I post for educational and news report purposes and feel that putting a section of the full paper into quotes and giving the link to the reference is consistent with the Fair Use part of the U.S Copyright law.

    One group decided to suggest approximate guidelines for text: they suggest 10% and up to 1000 Words.

    "The fair use exemption is quite vague so a group of of institutions, publishers, authors, and educators convened to agree (not all agreed in the end) on an interpretation of fair use for students and educators. Note, these are guidelines and are not legally binding and exceeding the limits and proportions outlined below does not mean you are infringing copyright. However, these folks agreed that not exceeding these limits provides a safe-harbor."


    http://imedia.tamu.edu/copyright_info/fair_use

    Here is a link that might be useful: link to http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html