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What did I do wrong? (tomato seedlings)

satellitehead
14 years ago

I'm on my third year of starting from seed and ran into a unique sitauation this year. I've changed up everything from year to year finding the "best" seed starting situation - transforming from peat pelletes to seed starter greenhouse trays to using greenhouse trays with jiffy strips.

This year, this is what I did:

- Started my seeds in plastic cells/greenhouse tray using Jiffy seed starting mix. Used a generic heating pad on a 30 minutes on/off cycle to keep temps inside around 70º-75º

- After ~6 days, all of my dozens of seeds sprouted. Great! Placed them in the basement (stays ~67º year round) under a pair of fluorescent 2x40w fixtures with plant/aquarium lights, lights placed ~3" above the tops of the starter leaves on an 18-hour cycle.

- After ~12 more days, first pair of true leaves started to show, very slowly, plants had risen to 2-3". So, I transplanted the seedlings into 2x5 jiffy strips with the same soil mixture I always use, a manure-based product from the local big box hardware store.

- Over the coming several weeks, the plants just sat there, showing no new growth. Only the first pair of true leaves showed, and that was it. After a couple of weeks, the starter leaves yellowed and fell off, the true leaves darkened but remained small.

- Now, 6-8 weeks after germination, I feel like I should have 6-10" plants now with several true leaves. Instead I have {{gwi:241127}}. Some of the true leaves have since fallen off, leaving nothing but a pinkish-purple leggy stem in place with no signs of new growth (but no wilting).

- This weekend, out of sheer desperation, i transferred to 3" round peat pots and planted the seedlings shown DEEP in Miracle Grow potting soil in hopes that they just aren't rooting as well as they should've been. No clue on how that's gonna turn out, or if it's a lost cause at this point.

So, my question is .. I really like the method I used this year, although I think I may sow directly in 2x4 (3"x3" pot) jiffy strips next year, so ... what the heck did I do wrong to get that end result? How can I prevent that next time around?

I just started a new batch down in the basement in the larger 3"x3" jiffy peat strips. The primary leaves are up as I write this, true leaves should start in the next couple of days. I want to figure out what I'm doing before I bork these up too!

I have tried looking all over the internet for pictures of common tomato starting problems and have found...nada! No problems that look like this at least. Lots of advice for how to avoid this kind of thing, but all of that advice is stuff I followed!

So I figured, since I'm a GW member, I'd ask here.

Any insight is appreciated!

A hyperlinked picture of the problem guys, in case anyone misses the hyperlink above or just likes to look at pictures...

Comments (16)

  • Karen Pease
    14 years ago

    That's... bizarre. I've had one or two seedlings do that, but I've never seen anything like entire trays doing that. Any other symptoms? Were your seed leaves chlorotic? Was there any purpling? How was your soil moisture? When you transplanted your tomatoes, did you see any signs of root rot?

    I prefer to keep tomatoes at warmer than 67, but that shouldn't be causing this...

  • morz8 - Washington Coast
    14 years ago

    I'm not familiar with a manure based container medium - what exactly is it?

  • tn_veggie_gardner
    14 years ago

    manure based medium is great as a part of a starter soil, probably not the whole thing. That's no mistake though...just a preferred method/opinion. Anyways, first off, too much light/heat conbination after they sprouted. I would have taken the light up to about 1ft and transplanted to a non-peat based potting mix (no sand) as soon as the second leaf set had shown. The peat-based method with that much heat & light has burnt those poor plants to a crisp. Immediately take them, in their current containers (you need to transplant to a solid (cups, usually) form/container that you can poke a few holes in the bottom of. Put them outdoors, if at all possible (weather permitting) not in the direct sun for the first few days. Fetilize with a water-based solution & make sure it never touches the plant (above soil, which I reccomend a mixture of your manure-based & maybe some sphagnum moss or a little compost, but not too pure.). Then, water thoroughly so the stuff is soaking out the holes in bottom. When they dry a day or so later, water again (bit less...maybe 1/2 inch)...repeat process & place in moderate sunlight after a few days...then eventually in full sunlight after a week or so. I guarantee you within 2 weeks your plants will have sprung back to life quite well (and maybe have 3-4 sets of leaves). You may loose a few, but you'll keep most of them. Otherwise, IMO, they will be gone within 7 days.

    - Steve

  • satellitehead
    Original Author
    14 years ago

    Couple of things :

    I removed heat after starter leaves sprouted. Did not use it or a fan nor a heater the whole time.

    No sign of purpling. Period. Only yellowing of starter leaves and then true leaves later. But leaves did not yellow until after living at least three weeks on the plant each.

    Manure based medium : Google for MooNure.

    Lights started at 10" above tips. After 15-20 days of no growth, I moved them closer to the leaves.

    I used 1/4 of suggested strength light liquid fertilizer from the bottom up, soil already wet. I did this no more than twice this entire process and not until true leaves formed.

    Soil moisture: no damping off, and only once did I see fungus gnats which quickly passed. I am aware that peat pots cannot be trusted and you must check soil for moisture. I do not saturate my soil and do not typically keep the top of the soil damp. I water from thw bottom up.

    The lid was removed from greenhouse tray promptly after initial germination.

  • satellitehead
    Original Author
    14 years ago

    Oh and no signs of root rot. Roots were actually very healthy looking and well formed, starting to reach out of the bottom of the tray.

  • tn_veggie_gardner
    14 years ago

    Yea...MooNure...Home Depot...$2 a bag. Good for part of your mix...add MG dry peat instead of what I said earlier.

  • retiredprof
    14 years ago

    Mine did exactly the same thing! Started under lights, too. Also, strong root formation. In desperation, about 10 days ago, I planted outside in a raised bed just to try and save them. Planted 4 to a square foot knowing I'd have to move, obviously, if they even recovered.

    Well, they recovered! The ones I kept, that is. Some I pitched as totally hopeless.

    I don't know what happened to this whole batch either, but you might try planting some out and giving some cover (mine are under row covers).

    Ironically, the toms I winter-sowed went gangbusters and are much larger than the ones I started inside GUL. I'll pass on that next year and just WS them all.

    Prof

  • morz8 - Washington Coast
    14 years ago

    The steer manure our local Home Depot carries is something different, different brand - blend of manure and aged wood chips. I've never seen this one but their website states -

    Moo-Nure® can be used around plants, in the planting beds and as a soil conditioner or clay breaker.

    Potting Soil
    Mix with topsoil, sand, Hydrocks® or perlite.
    Seed Flats, Hot Beds, Greenhouses
    Mix 1 part compost, 4 part soil, 1 part sand.

    But not having transplanted into compost, I couldn't say if it directly contributed to your odd seedling growth.

  • tn_veggie_gardner
    14 years ago

    This is a good example of proper tomato seedling care.

    Steve's Garden

    Peace - Steve

  • satellitehead
    Original Author
    14 years ago

    Steve - from your link, I found this page which has to be just about the most informative webpage I think anyone has ever created regarding growing tomatoes. I searched high and low for something like this the past couple of years and came up emptyhanded. Very good stuff!

    If all else fails, I have another four of each variety tomato that've sprouted down in the basement as of ~10 days ago, so no huge loss...but I really wanted to definitively know what caused this so I could prevent in the future. Sounds like the MooNure alone (for repotting) was a poor idea from the getgo. May've made one or two other mistakes along the way as well.

    Thanks y'all. If anyone else has any commentary or thoughts, please do share. Three years later and I'm still a newb at this.

  • tn_veggie_gardner
    14 years ago

    ahhh, yes...catman's page. Very nice & well layed out and quite informative. =) He's a smart dude. I'd definitely reccomend it. Mine's more of a personal garden diary/blog of sorts.

  • satellitehead
    Original Author
    14 years ago

    touching back on this because i had a radical turnaround.

    i took the seedlings, forked them out, planted them in drink cups with holes in the bottom using Miracle Grow for a medium, all were planted halfway up the stem.

    in just five days, i have already seen 4 new true leaves sprout, and everything really perk up from the transition. mind you, this is after 5+ weeks of no new growth, so ... wow!

    clearly, i should've transplanted sooner, and shouldn't have used pure manure for a transplant medium.

    lesson learned!

  • tn_veggie_gardner
    14 years ago

    Glad to hear your plants are doing good! =)

  • satellitehead
    Original Author
    14 years ago

    I appreciate your help, Steve - spot on advice!

  • jillca
    14 years ago

    In looking at the photo - my reaction is that the light source is inadequate. How old are your bulbs? Shouldn't use them for more than 2 years as a grow light. Set the timer for a 16 hours/day on cycle. The lumen output drops off dramatically.

    I start mine in the seed packs, then into 12 oz red drink cups, when about 3 inches tall, planting deeply. then after about 4 weeks they go out to the coldframe. a few weeks later - into the 1/2gallon milk containers, so that by mid May have nice big root systems to plant in the garden

  • jimfnc
    14 years ago

    i keep the lights about 2 inches above the top leaves.
    also, the peat or manure pots you have - i've never been able to keep the moisture regulated - their either too dry or wet. I did some peat pot, some plastic pot w/seed start mix, and some w/spaghnm moss in small self water plastic containers - only the peat pots had problems.

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