Maple trees, as you probably know, are pretty greedy feeders, and can make it hard for other plants to establish themselves under them, due to the rampant root growth, close to the surface. Different maples are more or less greedy and have more or less thick roots, so knowing what the maples are could help. The trees/shrubs that naturally grow as understory trees, like witch hazels can compete with reasonable root growth, but would have a hard time, as would anything, fighting with a Norway maple, for instance.

The Missouri Botanic Garden web site says "full sun to part shade" for H. virginiana. I wouldn't plant one under a maple, personally, unless I was in the south or southwest. The difference between tolerating shade and requiring it is pretty big.

Around a maple, I don't think the witch hazel will get enough water, to do as well as it should. Maples are pretty greedy about water.

My witch hazels are in dappled shade. One get some afternoon sun, real late in the day. The other is shaded lightly almost all day, by taller oak trees. Both have good leaves, are growing in size. The one I can reach with the hose, does better, with more water quantity in dry times. The other only gets the horse bucket dumped on it during dry times, maybe a couple gallons every other day or so. I have several bushes that may need water way out there, so they share buckets.

I would agree with Goodhors, that many maples will use all the available water. Knowing what the maples are would help in knowing if a witch hazel is a good choice for the location, but on thinking about it, and not knowing what it is, I would be inclined to say "no, don't do it".