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brandon7_gw

USDA's Web Soil Survey

brandon7 TN_zone7
10 years ago

Ever wondered what kind of soil you have? Think the soil in one area is different than the soil in another area? Wondering about drainage where you plan on planting that tree? Wouldn't it be nice to be able to get a pretty good idea just by looking on a map zoomed into your property? Well you can do that!

Here is a link that might be useful: USDA's Web Soil Survey

Comments (22)

  • wisconsitom
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Great mention, Brandon! Just getting into using this thing myself recently. Quite helpful in doing wetland delineation work.

    ;^) +oM

  • arktrees
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Many county GIS sites will have the soils data with more current aerial photography. Nice thing about the posted site is that you can get soil type characteristics directly from site for those soils of interest.

    Arktrees

  • arktrees
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    whaas,
    Not only disturbed, but flat out removed (i.e. topsoil) or buried in most relatively new subdivisions. My own location is classified as somewhat poorly draining, however due to changes and disturbance, I ended up with reasonable good drainage.... to a point. There is a buried compacted layer (undoubtedly from so much heavy equipment) that is almost impervious that was the original soil surface. Not to mention the trash that was buried so that they would not have to clean it up.

    Arktrees

  • bengz6westmd
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Seems pretty accurate for my floodplain lot:

    LuA�"Lobdell loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded

  • hairmetal4ever
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Here's mine:

    GgB "Glenelg loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes
    Map Unit Setting
    Elevation: 250 to 1,050 feet
    Mean annual precipitation: 39 to 55 inches
    Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 61 degrees F
    Frost-free period: 110 to 255 days
    Map Unit Composition
    Glenelg and similar soils: 85 percent
    Minor components: 15 percent
    Description of Glenelg
    Setting
    Landform: Hillslopes, flats
    Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit
    Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope
    Down-slope shape: Convex
    Across-slope shape: Linear
    Parent material: Loamy residuum weathered from phyllite
    Properties and qualities
    Slope: 3 to 8 percent
    Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
    Drainage class: Well drained
    Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.20 to 1.98 in/hr)
    Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
    Frequency of flooding: None
    Frequency of ponding: None
    Available water capacity: High (about 10.7 inches)
    Interpretive groups
    Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
    Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e
    Hydrologic Soil Group: B
    Typical profile
    0 to 10 inches: Loam
    10 to 30 inches: Clay loam
    30 to 54 inches: Loam
    54 to 76 inches: Very channery sandy loam

    Seems accurate, except I *DO* get "ponding" for about 6-12 hours after a decent rain. That might be due to a compacted layer from disturbance, however and not a natural thing.

    I love the WIDE range of climate info - way to really narrow it down, USDA. Haha. That could put me anywhere from Maine to South Carolina!

    I'm not sure what "Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e" means - I didn't see where the "key" for that was.

  • whaas_5a
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Yeah there is quite a bit of range. Can I have your rainfall?

    If you want to get your exact elevation, see it at the link.

    I'm at 1,150..fairly high for WI but nothing in comparison to some states.

    Here is a link that might be useful: Elevation by Address

  • hairmetal4ever
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Whaas - our rainfall is at the lower end of that range. I wish we got 55".

    I love this - Frost-free period: 110 to 255 days

    Wow. That's helpful...that pretty much covers the whole country except S. Florida and most of Alaska and possibly parts of the Rockies.

  • hairmetal4ever
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    We're at 429 feet FWIW.

  • ginkgonut
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    I had to use this back in the day in soils class. Had forgotten about it and haven't done it on the new house. Seems right on, though "somewhat excessively drained" seems like an understatement sometimes. Maybe that has to do with what was done to the land during development back in the 50's.

    Hennepin County, Minnesota
    L55C�"Urban land-Malardi complex, 8 to 18 percent slopes
    Map Unit Setting

    Mean annual precipitation: 23 to 35 inches
    Mean annual air temperature: 43 to 50 degrees F
    Frost-free period: 124 to 200 days

    Map Unit Composition

    Urban land: 70 percent
    Malardi and similar soils: 20 percent
    Minor components: 10 percent

    Description of Urban Land
    Setting

    Landform: Outwash plains, stream terraces
    Parent material: Sandy and gravelly outwash

    Description of Malardi
    Setting

    Landform: Hills on outwash plains, hills on stream terraces
    Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
    Down-slope shape: Linear
    Across-slope shape: Linear
    Parent material: Outwash

    Properties and qualities

    Slope: 8 to 18 percent
    Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
    Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
    Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (2.00 to 6.00 in/hr)
    Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
    Frequency of flooding: None
    Frequency of ponding: None
    Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 30 percent
    Available water capacity: Low (about 4.3 inches)

    Interpretive groups

    Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
    Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e
    Hydrologic Soil Group: A

    Typical profile

    0 to 10 inches: Sandy loam
    10 to 15 inches: Sandy loam
    15 to 29 inches: Loamy coarse sand
    29 to 80 inches: Gravelly sand

  • treebarb Z5 Denver
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Interesting stuff. Thanks, Brandon!

    My property is split between two map sections and they are different in soil make up. I'm including the one I'm planting in below.

    We flooded in September, 3 feet of water on one side of the property, up to 10 feet on the other side, but that was 12" of rain in a day, an entire years worth of precip for us. Frequency of ponding and flooding: none. Still, good to know.

    66��"Ulm clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
    Map Unit Setting
    Elevation: 5,070 to 5,200 feet
    Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 15 inches
    Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 48 degrees F
    Frost-free period: 105 to 120 days
    Map Unit Composition
    Ulm and similar soils: 85 percent
    Minor components: 15 percent
    Description of Ulm
    Setting
    Landform: Plains
    Down-slope shape: Linear
    Across-slope shape: Linear
    Parent material: Alluvium and/or eolian deposits derived from shale
    Properties and qualities
    Slope: 0 to 3 percent
    Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
    Drainage class: Well drained
    Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)
    Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
    Frequency of flooding: None
    Frequency of ponding: None
    Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 15 percent
    Maximum salinity: Nonsaline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
    Available water capacity: High (about 10.4 inches)
    Interpretive groups
    Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
    Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e
    Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e
    Hydrologic Soil Group: C
    Ecological site: Clayey Plains (R067BY042CO)
    Typical profile
    0 to 5 inches: Clay loam
    5 to 19 inches: Clay
    19 to 60 inches: Clay loam

  • arktrees
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    What is being forgotten is this is a soils site. So a particular soil type can be found where there is a range of annual precipitation amounts. So a soild type may be found in North Alabama but also Northwest Illinois. Very different climates, but soils very similar. So you get from 35-55" etc. Climate influences soils, but a particular soil can occur in many climates. So the web soil survey site is about soils, and that it does well. It is not about climate other than what conditions pruduces what soils.

    Arktrees

  • gardener365
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Interesting:

    This is the most level portion of my property (exactly 1/2 or three acres) near the road and my home sets back off of the road and up on a small bluff. From the road it slopes about 150 feet to the lowest point...quite an elevation change. And while that slopes, I have rolling hills running perpendicular to the sloping hills. In other words my property is wavy and sloping and surrounded by hills - very similar to a football stadium where the bleachers are the sides of my property and people doing "the wave" lol ;-)

    Flat (kind of, lol)

    Mercer County, Illinois
    675B�"Greenbush silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes
    Map Unit Setting

    Elevation: 360 to 1,020 feet
    Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 40 inches
    Mean annual air temperature: 47 to 54 degrees F
    Frost-free period: 150 to 180 days

    Map Unit Composition

    Greenbush and similar soils: 95 percent

    Description of Greenbush
    Setting

    Landform: Ground moraines, till plains
    Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, footslope
    Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
    Down-slope shape: Convex
    Across-slope shape: Convex
    Parent material: Loess

    Properties and qualities

    Slope: 2 to 5 percent
    Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
    Drainage class: Well drained
    Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr)
    Depth to water table: About 48 to 72 inches
    Frequency of flooding: None
    Frequency of ponding: None
    Available water capacity: High (about 11.5 inches)

    Interpretive groups

    Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
    Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e
    Hydrologic Soil Group: B

    Typical profile

    0 to 6 inches: Silt loam
    6 to 17 inches: Silt loam
    17 to 75 inches: Silty clay loam
    75 to 80 inches: Silt loam

    -------

    then:

    Mercer County, Illinois
    8D2�"Hickory silt loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded
    Map Unit Setting

    Elevation: 350 to 1,200 feet
    Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 40 inches
    Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 54 degrees F
    Frost-free period: 150 to 180 days

    Map Unit Composition

    Hickory and similar soils: 90 percent

    Description of Hickory
    Setting

    Landform: Ground moraines
    Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
    Down-slope shape: Linear
    Across-slope shape: Linear
    Parent material: Loamy till

    Properties and qualities

    Slope: 10 to 18 percent
    Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
    Drainage class: Well drained
    Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr)
    Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
    Frequency of flooding: None
    Frequency of ponding: None
    Calcium carbonate, maximum content: 25 percent
    Available water capacity: High (about 10.2 inches)

    Interpretive groups

    Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
    Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e
    Hydrologic Soil Group: B

    Typical profile

    0 to 6 inches: Silt loam
    6 to 51 inches: Clay loam
    51 to 60 inches: Loam

    Elevation: 360 to 1,020 feet
    Mean annual precipitation: 32 to 40 inches
    Mean annual air temperature: 47 to 54 degrees F
    Frost-free period: 150 to 180 days

    Map Unit Composition

    Greenbush and similar soils: 95 percent

    Description of Greenbush
    Setting

    Landform: Ground moraines, till plains
    Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, footslope
    Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
    Down-slope shape: Convex
    Across-slope shape: Convex
    Parent material: Loess

    Properties and qualities

    Slope: 2 to 5 percent
    Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
    Drainage class: Well drained
    Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 2.00 in/hr)
    Depth to water table: About 48 to 72 inches
    Frequency of flooding: None
    Frequency of ponding: None
    Available water capacity: High (about 11.5 inches)

    Interpretive groups

    Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
    Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e
    Hydrologic Soil Group: B

    Typical profile

    0 to 6 inches: Silt loam
    6 to 17 inches: Silt loam
    17 to 75 inches: Silty clay loam
    75 to 80 inches: Silt loam

    Good for Hickories (score!) and... there are a lot of Walnut groves planted in my neck of the woods. People from Chicago have been buying up the land and planting these Walnut groves.

    Cheers, thanks!

    Dax

  • terrene
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    I have "Windsor loamy sand, 3-8 % slope". Flat, ridiculously well-drained, good topsoil and very deep and gravelly subsoil. This type of soil is very easy to work, an excavator's dream.

    Plants generally grow well, but it dries out way too quickly. I really wish I had some wetlands.

  • whaas_5a
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Ark, can you gives some examples about the climate impacting soil type?

    I think where you are going is if I had clay loam in an area with high winter precip vs low winter precip it may impact what you can grow....ie plants having issues with winter root rot.

    Or simply a sandly loam in CO vs sandy loam in IN may require a plant to have stronger drought tolerance.

  • brandon7 TN_zone7
    Original Author
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    No, climate is a principle factor in determining what type of soil is present. Climate effects soil type in a multitude of ways. It can have physical effects (water and wind erosion, freezing and thawing, etc, etc), chemical effects (effects of water/moisture on the parent material, effects of temperature, etc), and biological effects (climate determines what can live in the area - flora, fauna, bacteria, fungi, etc - which greatly impacts soil formation in a variety of ways). There are many good articles on this topic that can be found by googling 'climate soil formation'.

  • whaas_5a
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    I was more or less trying to get examples as to why two same soil types would differ based on the climate. The freeze, thaw example makes logical sense to me.

    First hit was fairly informative on soil formation. Thanks for the info!

    Here is a link that might be useful: Soil Formation

  • brandon7 TN_zone7
    Original Author
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    OK, I kind of see what you mean now. I think Ark's comments may be slightly misleading though. The soil-type classifications are generally based on a local type-soil (a sample taken from a specific local site) by a local soil survey. There may be similar soils at two distant (say a few states away) sites, but they probably are documented separately and within different soil surveys (and will not have the same names).

    Maybe what Ark was trying to say is that the climate factors listed within each soil type are not there to tell you what your climate is like, but rather describe the conditions responsible for the soil type found (i.e. the site is about soil, not about weather prediction).

  • arktrees
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Sorry for just now getting back to this thread. Brandon basically has what I was saying. Sorry for the confusion. My own soil is a member of the Ultisol group. These are soils composted of highly eroded heavily leached soil. These soils con only form where there is a significant excess of precipitation relative to evapotranspiration. But that excess is not only about rainfall. Temperature is also critical. I average about 48"/yr and probable about 58 or 59F ave annual temp. However in Wis, you can have an Ultisol soil with an annual ave of 30"/yr and 40F. That 30"/yr would make grassland and no Ultisol soil in my warmer climate, but is plenty for your cooler climate. Therefore the precip range could easily be 30-50"/yr with almost indentical soil structure. This is what I mean about the websoil survey is about the soils. Climate certainly impacts soil types, but there are ranges in the climate that produce a particular soil, and so the climate parameters cited for a soils is about what range of climate can typically produce a typical soil type. It is not making a climate prediction.

    Hope this is a bit more clear.
    Arktrees

  • whaas_5a
    10 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    As for important elements to consider for planting are there any soil data points worth considering besides texture, depth and drainage?

  • tcheever_soils
    8 years ago

    There are instructions on using Web Soil Survey at http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/GettingStarted.htm

    Here is the correct condensed version to get started:

    1) Click the Green Circle START WSS (probably obvious)
    2) On the left nav under QUICK NAVIGATION,
    3) Click on Address and type in your address and hit enter (You can put in a full mailing address, or just a city and state or just a zip code)

    1. Click on the map, Click and drag to draw a rectangle around your property.

    2. Now click the Soil Map tab up top.

    3. It should now show codes for your soil type along with a legend on the left with links to your soil type.

    4. To start over with a new area of interest, click on the Clear AOI button.

    5. For assistance with Web Soil Survey click on the Contact Us link at the top left corner and then click on SoilsHotline@lin.usda.gov link or if you have questions about soil in a specific area contact either the State Soil Scientist or the local NRCS office.

  • edlincoln
    8 years ago

    Interesting site. It says my parents have Merrimac fine sandy loam. A bit more organic matter then I had thought. I tend to see it as sandy gravel in the back with a strip of dense clay near the road. I wonder how this affects my tree selections? I wonder if it explains some discrepancies. A couple water-loving plants do better then I would have thought. (Hydrangea, basswood, ferns, white fir). Bee balm doesn't do well at all, but really should thrive.